History of ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity)

Retinopathy of Prematurity was first diagnosed in Boston around the year 1941. ROP also called Terry Syndrome, was named after the person who first diagnosed it. The premature infant was observed with a grey, abnormal blood vessel covered membrane behind the pupil. As more infants with a similar presentation were reported, the name Retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) came into being.

It was observed that excessive oxygen delivery for the preterm babies was the main reason for the development of ROP. The preterm babies weighing 1250 grams have immature lungs (breathing apparatus) and require oxygen to maintain a decent saturation level. Oxygen and hypoxia behave as toxic components in the development of ROP in premature babies. Since every preterm infant need oxygen, they require comprehensive and expert care. Fibrovascular Proliferation is the key element for ROP disease. This process leads to the growth of abnormal blood vessels, which frequently progress leading to retinal detachment.

Today, many advanced treatment modalities have emerged in managing ROP. Oxygen delivery has improved and is no longer a significant factor in tertiary level healthcare facilities. Ophthalmologists have managed treating 90% of the infants with good anatomical outcome. Research is ongoing into identifying newer risk factors and various other methods to treat the condition.

Cryotherapy was the first treatment provided, followed by Laser photocoagulation. Cryotherapy has lost its relevance as there are better procedures like laser photocoagualation.